Monads encapsulate impure side effects and other effects, making them pure.
Monads allow sequencing of operations without resorting to statements.
Monads (with LINQ) allow us to write pure code that looks a lot like statements in imperative code.
Monads de-clutter your code making it more declarative.

Quite simply: Monads are the 'statements' of pure functional programming and they encapsulate messy boilerplate and side-effects.

For a deeper dive into the 'why?' of monads, then check out Paul Louth's Higher-Kinds series.

Monad is the home of the main Monad<M> trait as well as its extension methods and Monad module type.
MonadIO has the IO variant of the monad that allows lifting of the IO<A> monad into a monad-transformer stack.
MonadT has the MonadT<T, M> monad-transformer trait, it allows the lifting of a monad M into a monad-transformer T.

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